What is Electricity?
Electricity is the flow of electrons through a conductor. Think of it like water flowing through a pipe — the wire is the pipe, and the electrons are the water molecules.
Key Concepts
Voltage (V)
Voltage is the "pressure" that pushes electrons through a circuit. It's measured in Volts (V). A standard AA battery provides 1.5V.
Current (I)
Current is the rate of flow of electrons. It's measured in Amperes (A) or milliamperes (mA).
Resistance (R)
Resistance opposes the flow of current. It's measured in Ohms (Ω). Every material has some resistance.
Ohm's Law
The most important formula in electronics:
V = I × R
- V = Voltage (Volts)
- I = Current (Amperes)
- R = Resistance (Ohms)
Example
If you have a 9V battery and a 100Ω resistor:
- Current = V / R = 9 / 100 = 0.09A (90mA)
Key Takeaway
Understanding Ohm's Law is the foundation of all electronics. Once you master this, everything else becomes much easier!
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